James Blaine (sorry late)

+ Champion of the half breeds
+Congressman from Maine
+Secretary of State during Garfield's term of presidency
+ good with people
+tried to persuade Garfield to his political side
+candidate for pres in 1884

"stalwarts" sorry im late:/ i sleeping i was sick:(

+a political group led by Roscoe Conkling of New York
+they seeked power in government
+supported the spoils system

Horace Greeley

+nominated for presidency 1872
+editor of the New York Tribune
+ office hungry democrats supported Greeley
+Greeley pleased the democrats
+ His first priority was his career he had built prior to presidency as the other candidate did this to.
+ Republicans bashed Greeley as an atheist, vegetarian, and communist. ect...(page 507)
+ never was a democrat yet he was the democrat cndidate.

Grover Cleveland

*Democratic candidate in 1884 running against James G. Blaine

*with about 1,000 votes from Irishmen in New York he won presidency

*first democratic to take oath of presidential office since Buchanan

*he named 2 former Confederates to his cabinet and later fired 120,000 federal empolyees to give to Democrats

*vetoed many pension bills issued by the GAR

*in 1881 he faced 2 ways to reduce the surplus of revenue in the Treasury ($145 million), he favored a lower tariff, and tossed an appeal for lower tariffs through Congress in 1887-->resulted in strong division of Democrats and Republicans so for the 1888 presidential election the Republicans nominated Benjamin Harrison and won

*in 1893 Cleveland took office again during depression (lasted 4 years) and failed to cope with it

*when gold reserve in Treasury dropped below $100 million he repealed Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890

*embarrassed with passage of Wilson-Gorman Tariff in 1894

*part of "forgettable presidents" with Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, and Harrison

Roscoe Conkling

The U.S. senator from New York who led the "Stalwart" faction and embraced the time-honored system of swapping civil-service jobs for votes. Opposed to Roscoe Conkling"s followers, the Conklingites, were the "Half-Breeds" led by James G. Blaine of Maine. The half-breeds' chief problem was... (look at half-breeds, it says it there)

The rpoblem between Conkling and Blaine, who was also secretary of state, occurred during the short presidency of Republican James A. Garfield in 1880.

"Half-Breeds":

They were led by James G. Blaine of Maine andwere the ones who opposed the Conklingites, followers of Roscoe Conkling, who was a U.S. senator from New York. Roscoe Conkling led the "Stalwart" faction in which he embraced the time-honored system if swapping civil-service jobs for votes. After this faction, the half-Breeds' problem with the Conklingites was about who should get the ladle that dished out the spoils

Thomas Nast:

He was the gifted cartoonist who exposed Burly "Boss" Tweed to the public through his cartoons by depicting his crime of taking $200 million. Later, there was evidence found in 1871 and it was published in the Ney York Times. This prosecaution was headed by attorney Samuel J. Tilden and  Tweed later died behind bars.

Hard money

Grant's second term began with an economic disaster that rendered thousands of northern laborers both jobless and homeless. In 1873 overspeculation by financiers and overbuilding by industry and railroads led to widespread failures and depression. Debtors on the farm and in the cities sought an inflationary , easy-money solution by demanding greenback paper money that was not supported by gold. In 1874, Grant finally decided to side with the hard-money bankers and creditors who wanted a stable money supply backed by gold and vetoed a bill calling for the release of additional greenbacks.

Hayes-Tilden standoff

By 1876, federal troops had been withdrawn from all but three southern states- South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana . The Democrats had returned to power in all ex-confederate states except these. This fact would play a key role in the presedential election of 1876. The republicans nominated Rutherford B. Hayes and the Democrats chose New York's reform governor , Samuel J. Tilden. When the popular voted were counted , the democrats had won a clear majority and expected Tilded to be put in the white house. In three southern states , however, the returns were contested. To win the election , Tilden needed one more electoral vote from either South Carolina, Florida, or Louisiana. A special electoral commission was created to determine who was entitled to the disputed votes of the three states. In the party vote all of the electoral votes were given to Hayes, the republican. Outraged democrats threatened to filibuster the results and send the election to the house of rep. , which they controlled.

Whiskey Ring

In the United States, the Whiskey Ring was a scandal, exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors.
Before they were caught, a group of mostly Republican politicians were able to steal off millions of dollars in federal taxes on liquor; the scheme involved an extensive network of bribes involving distillers, rectifiers, gaugers, storekeepers, and internal revenue agents.The Whiskey Ring was seen by many as a sign of corruption under the Republican governments that took power across the nation following the American Civil War. General Orville E. Babcock, the private secretary to the President, was indicted as a member of the ring — for this reason, President Ulysses S. Grant, although not directly involved in the ring, came to be seen as part of the Republican corruption.The Whiskey Ring scandal, along with other alleged abuses of power by the Republican party, contributed to national weariness of Reconstruction, which ended after Grant's presidency with the Compromise of 1877.

Tweed Ring

The postwar era was filled with corruptness and was polluted with indecency. The infamous Tweed Ring in New  York city vividly displayed these lack of ethics that were typical of the age. Burly Boss Tweed employed bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to get as much as $200 million . He dispensed jobs and contracts in return for political support and bribes. Tweed was later discovered and imprisoned by Samuel J. Tilden , a New York attorney. Tweed was eventually put behind bars and died in jail.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

The Jim Crow laws of the south legalized systematic segregation; the Supreme Court validated this in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson; it ruled that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional under the 14th amendment; however the facilities for the African-Americans were far from equal to that of the whites; this inequality would remain in place for nearly a century.

Kearnyites

a group started in San Francisco by Irish-born Denis Kearny; he urged his followers to violently abuse the Chinese immigrants; many Kearnyites were recently arrived European immigrants who disliked the competition for cheap labor caused by the Chinese immigrants; they terrorized Chinese immigrants by cutting off their pigtails & sometimes murdered them; part of the cause of the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882

"cheap money"

When hard times hit in 1873, the issue of "hard money" vs "cheap money" came about; advocates of cheap money wanted the government to reissue greenbacks; they were hard hit farmers and debtors who reasoned that more money meant cheaper money, which meant easier-to-pay debts; "cheap money" would cause inflation, while "hard money" would cause deflation

Rutherford B. Hayes

Nominated in 1876 as a compromise candidate by the Republican party; running against Democrat candidate Samuel Tilden (put Tweed Ring in jail); three southern states (Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida) submitted two sets of returns, one Democratic and one Republican; Congress was uncertain who choose which set of returns were used, which was resolved by the Compromise of 1877; the Republican returns were chosen and Hayes became president because he agreed to the concessions for the Democrats in the Compromise of 1877.  This stalemate between Democrats and Republicans was known as the Hayes-Tilden Standoff.

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant was elected as president twice for the republican party. Grant was a proud maver of the bloody shirt since we was known for remembering battles and events that occured during the civil war. Some wanted Grant to serve a third term but he was denied to be a candidate because it would be a dictatorship ruling.

Patronage

Patronage deals with the spoil system. It is the wanting or expecting of a "spot" in congress or house because of the political party that won the presidential election. It is the thought that a man helping a presidential candidate campaign then he shall recieve a seat in the house or congress.

Benjamin Harrison

In the presidential election of 1888, the republican party turned to Benjamin Harrison, who was William Henry Harrison's (tippecanoe) grandson. Harrison was victorious over Cleveland in the election of 1888.


*i didnt get him much... sorry (522)

James Garfield

James Garfield was nicknamed the "dark horse". He was the republican party presidential candidate in the year 1880. This candidate was a fanatic of waving the bloody shirt. Garfield wins the presidential election in 1880. Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau. Garfields murders gave the republican party a previously undetected taste for reform. The Vice President was Chester A Arthur who was next for presidency.

GAR

Republican strength lay largely in the Midwest and rural and small-town Northwest. Greatful freedmen in the South continued to vote Republican in significant numbers. Another important bloc of Republican ballots came from the members of the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)- a politically potent fraternal organization of several hundred thousand Union veterans of the Civil War.

Mugwumps

Some reformers, unable to swallow Blaine, bolted to the Democrats. They wre sneeringly dubbed Mugwumps, a word of Indian derivation meant to suggest that they were "sanctimonious" or "hoiler-than-thou."

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Civil Rights Act of 1875 was in a sense th last feeble gasp of the congressional radical Republicans. The act supposedly guarenteed equal accomodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection, but the law was born toothless and stayed that way for nearly a century. The supreme court pronounced much of the act unconstitutional in the Civil Rights Cases (1883). The court declared that the fourteenth ammendment prohibited only government violations of civil rights, nbot the denial of civil rights by individuals.

"Bloody Shirt"

Republicans whipped up enthusiasm for Grant by energetically "waving the bloody shirt" - that is, reviving gory memories of the Civil War - which began for the first time a prominent feature of a presidential campaign. "vote as you shot" was a powerful Rpublican slogan aimed at Union army veterans. Grant later won.

Compromise of 1877 , Bland-Allison Act

 These are from course notes, usually i look up someones words when they tell me they can not do it ahead of time, but i got lazy. srry.

Compromise of 1877
During the electoral standoff in 1876 between Hayes (Republican) and Tilde (Democrat). The Compromise of 1877 meant that the Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes might take office if he ended reconstruction in the South.


Bland-Allison Act
This act was a compromise concerning the coinage of silver designed by Richard P. Bland. It was put into effect in 1878. The act stated that the Treasury had to buy and coin between $2 and $4 million worth of silver bullion each month. The government put down hopes of inflationists when it bought only the legal minimum.

RRR

"Rum, Romanism, Rebellion" insulted the culture, faith, and patriotism of New Yorkers Irish American voters. It was said by Republican clergyman damning the Democrats, and the saying stuck.

Pendleton Act of 1883

"Magna Carta of civil-service reform" It made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, and made Civil Service Commission o make appointments to federal jobs on basis of competitiveness rather that "pull."  Pendleton Act partially divorced politics from patronage.

Chester Arthur

He was the Vice presidential running mate with the Rupublican party's Garfield. Garfield was shot by Guiteau who stated "I am a Stalwart. Arthur is now President of the United States." Arthur Prosecuted several fraud cases and coldshouldered former Stalwart pals.

Credit Mobilier

Credit Mobilier scandal of 1872 tarred Grant's reputation. Union Pacific Railroad insiders formed Credit Mobilier construction company and then hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line. earning dividends as high as 348 percent. Distributed stock to congressmen, as a form of "protection".  Once scandal was exposed, Even the Vice Pres. of U.S. was involved as well as Grant's private secretary.

Although Grant didnt do anything wrong, this still tainted his reputation because the people that were involved were respected members of the political society Grant was in charge of.

Chapter 23 Vocab

Due Tuesday the 30 by 7:00pm Happy thanksgiving :) !!!!!
D.B. you have "bloody shirt", Mugwups, GAR, Civil Rights Act of 1875
A.S. you have Credit Mobilier, Pendleton Act of 1883, RRR, Chester Arthur
A.B. you have Horace Greely, "Stalwarts", James Blaine
S.D. you have Rutherford B. Hayes, "cheap money", Kearneyites, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
E.C. you have U.S. Gant, patronage, Benjamin Harrison, James Garfield
J.A. you have " Half Breeds", Thomas Nast, Roscoe Conkling, Grover Cleveland
J.C. you have Tweed Ring, Whiskey Ring, "hard money", Hayes-Tilden Standoff

OBJECTIVE A A.S. :)

Chapter 22 Objective A

The Major Problems Facing the South and the nation after the Civil War were:

* Reconstruction- Several different types of reconstruction. One gave blacks the right as citizens, which outraged bigots. Military Reconstruction deprived Confederates the right to vote. Divided south into 5 military districts. Strict conditions for readmission to the US including ratify 14th amendment, suffrage for freedmen. Also led to Ex parte Milligan Definition: the Supreme Court had ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, in areas where the civil courts were open.

*Anger as well as other emotions- There was anger from bigots, Abolition of slavery destroyed socio-economic status of the whites. Former slaves were scared. Most were unskilled and had no other choice but to return to their old jobs.

*How to admit the South into the Union- 10% plan, 50% vote… much controversy.

* An Economic failure- war destroyed country, several dead. Economics Suffer

* Black Rights- The major being voting, marriage, citizenship

* Johnson- bought disorder because he took over Lincoln’s post, and Johnson kept vetoing everything which brought outrage, he supposedly broke the Tenure of Office Act. House wanted to Impeach him, however this failed.

* 15th Amendment- gave Black MEN the right to vote, people outraged, hence the KKK

A.S.

Hey u guys i will be posting my objectives later and feel free to do the same. I just wanted to let you all know that yall be amazing! :)

P.S. we won Mock Trial so i thought that was exciting and you guys care so i told you :) !!!! yay 

Ku Klux Klan

During the period that republicans controlled state governments in the South, groups of southern whites organized various secret societies to intimidate white reformers and blacks. The most prominent was the Ku Klux Klan, founded in 1866 by an ex-Confederate general, Nathaniel Forrest. The "Invisible Empire of the South" as it was also called , burned black owned buildings and flogged and murdered freedmen to keep them from exercising their voting rights. In 1870, Congress in the Force acts of 1870 and 1871 gave power to federal authorities to stop the Ku Klux Klan violence and to protect the civil rights of citizens in the south.

scalawags

+former masters called freedmen's white allies scalawags.
+scalawags were southerners often former unionists and whigs
+ former confedarates were always accusing them of over exagerated crimes.

Wade-Davis Bill

+passed on 1864
+was a follow up to the 10 percent plan.
+ wanted 50% of the population of a state to take an oath in order to rejoin the union.
+ it also permitted only non-confderates
+something congress favored not the president.

"Radical" regimes

By the 1870's the South had reorganized their governments and had been accorded full rights. The hated "bluebellies" remained in the South to ensure that the new Republican regimes - usually called "radical" regimes -appeared to be firm and in motion like they wanted. But once the federal troops left the South they would go back to their old ways of Democracy. Finally, in 1877 the last of the federal troops was removed from state politics and the South was finally a "solid" democracy. The "radical" regime , however, did help to establish public schools,a tax system, public works, and also granteed women property rights.

Sharecropping

With the slaves emancipated, they now had freedom but had no capital and little to offer besides labor force. With little to no money, thousands of impoverished former slaves slipped into the status of sharecropping farmers, as did many landless whites. Former slaves now became "slaves" not to a master but to the soil and to their creditors. The dethroned aristocracy resented , however , even the smallest of freedom the blacks had. Sharecropping was the "wrong policy", said one planter. "It makes the laborer to independent; he becomes a partner, and has a right to be consulted." The emancipation of the slaves was seen more a re-enslavevemnt rather than true freedom.

A.S.

Im so so sorry you guys again. I just got out of trial and it was a last minute fill in. It will not happen again. My trial got out sooner than expected, i thought i was gonna be home by 10. S.D. thank you so much i am doing your words next time. Im sssoooooo sorry. i feel like a hyprocrite!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Fifteenth Amendment

 the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of United States was ratified on March 30, 1870. This amendment explicitly forbid denial of the right to vote for citizens "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." applied to mainly the black freedmen, women still could not vote this amendment is apart of the three reconstruction amendments to the constitution. this amendment came into action because whites felt tat blacks should not be allowed to vote, so the fifteenth amendment changed that when the radical republicans proposed it to the congress.

Ex parte Milligan:

Ex parte Milligan:

In this 1866 case, the Supreme Court had ruled that military tribunals could not try civilians, even during wartime, in areas where the civil courts were open. This was brought up as a result of the Military Reconstruction of the South which had usurped certain functions of the president as commander in chief and had set up a martial regime of dubious legality.

Charles Sumner:

Charles Sumner:

The radicals in Senate that still disagreed over the best course to pursue in the South (the Reconstruction policy) were led by the idealist Charles Sumner. Sumner labored for black freedom and also for racial equality.

(sorry... there wasn't really that much about him)

Black Codes

the Black Codes was one of the first acts of the new southern regimes sanctioned by Jonhson. These laws were designed to regulate the affairs of the emancipated black, much as the slave statutes had done in pre-Civil War days. The first state to pass such a law like that was Mississippi in November of 1865 and the Black Codes in Mississippi were the harshest while in Georgia they were the nost lenient. Most importantly, the Black Codes aimed to ensure a stable and subservient labor force. The Black Codes also sought to restore as nearly as possible the pre-emancipatoin system of race relations. As a result of the Black Codes freedom was legally recognized but it still forbade blacks  to serve on a jury.

The Black Codes made an ugly impression in the North.

10% Plan

In 1863, Lincoln stated his "10 percent" Reconstruction plan which stated that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when 10% of its voters in the presidential election of 1860 had taken an oath of allegiance to the United States and pledged to abide by emancipation.  Then a formal state government would be constructed within the state, and the state would be re-admitted into the Union.

Carpetbaggers

The so called carpetbaggers were supposedly sleazy northerners who at the end of the war headed south to seek personal power and profit. They were mostly former Union soldiers, Northern business men, and professionals who wanted to play a role in modernizing the "New South". These carpetbaggers turned away from the poles when they were frightened by member of the Klu Klux Klan.

Military Reconstruction Act

• Passed by Congress in 1867
• Divided the South into 5 military districts, each commanded by a Union general and policed by Union soldiers
• Temporarily deprived many former Confederates of the right to vote
• Strict conditions for readmission to the US – ratify 14th amendment, suffrage for freedmen
• Set up a military regime of dubious legality – Ex Parte Milligan 
• Union Generals and soldiers stayed until the Republican, or “radical” regimes were secured

*It was first referred to as the Reconstruction Act, then Military Reconstruction

Um...

hey guys i already posted 2 of my words. I got home not too lond ago because of soccer and stuff. My third one is in tonights reading so i'll have "carpet baggers" up in like 10-15 mins. sorry :)

Freedmen's Bureau

Congress created the Freedmen's Bureau to hep unskilled, unlettered, and moneyless freedmen survive. On paper it was a primitive welfare agency. It would provide food, clothing, medical care, and education to freedmen. Its greatest success was that it taught 200,000 blacks how to read. The bureau authorized for former slaves to settle on 40 acre tracts confiscated by confederates but little land actually made it into black's hands. The South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as a meddlesome federal agency. Johnson tried to kill it several times.

Thaddeus Stevens

• The most powerful radical in the House
• Had defended runaway blacks without pay and was buried in a black cemetery
• Devoted to blacks, hated white Southerners
• Leading figure in the Joint Committee on Reconstruction

"Seward's Folly"

• Secretary of State Seward (an expansionist) signed a treaty with Russia to buy Alaska for $7.2 million 
• America was still preoccupied with Reconstruction and internal issues & called it Seward’s Folly
• Still allowed for the purchase b/c they didn’t want to offend the tsar of Russia, who had been friendly during the Civil War, and hoped it would have valuable natural resources

Tenure of Office Act

• Passed in ’67 by Congress (over Johnson’s veto) as the first step to impeach Johnson
• Required the president to have the consent of the Senate before he removed anyone from his cabinet
• In order to keep Stanton in the cabinet b/c he was a spy for the radicals
• House voted to impeach Johnson when he violated this Act by dismissing Stanton

Andrew Johnson

Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln was killed by the "virtuous bullet". Originally, Johnson was vice-president because he would attract southern vote and war democrat's votes to Lincoln's platform toward presidency. Johnson was a dogmatic champion of states' rights and the Constitution. Johnson's reconstruction plan was similar to that of Lincoln's because it consisted of the "10% Government" and the belief that the seceeded states had never legally been out of the Union. Andrew Johnson was a supporter of the Black Codes since he was a believer of white supremacy. The clash between president Johnson and Congress was inevitable when Johnson vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen's bureau. Later on, rupublicans triled back with the Civil Rights Bill and when Johnson vetoed the bill, Congressmen steamrolled the bill over his veto. Congress tried to impeach Johnson. They did not succeed. The Johnson administration then reduced to a figure head.

Force Acts

Force Acts in 1870-1871. Force Acts can refer to several groups of acts passed by the United States Congress. The term usually refers to the events after the American Civil War. The four Force Acts passed by the Congress of the United States shortly after the American Civil War helped protect the voting rights of African-Americans. Congress, outraged by this night-riding lawlessness passed the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871. Federal troops were allowed to stamp out much of the "lash law" but by this time the Invisible Empire has already down its work of intimidation.

Fourteenth Amendment

The Fourteenth Amendment, in many ways the heart of the Republican program for Reconstruction, had fallen short of guaranteeing the right to vote. The wayward states were required to ratify the 14th amendment, giving the former slaved their rights as citizens, it stopped short of giving the freedmen land or education at federal expenses. This was one of the reconstruction amendments.

Civil Rights Bill

* on vocab sheet it says act, but i could only find a bill, so if i am wrong, please let me know.

In March 1866 Republicans passed the Civil Rights Bill which gave Blacks American Citizenship while stricking at the Black Codes.  Johnson vetoed it but congressmen steamrollered it over his veto. Made it 14th admendment in Constitution. * See 14th Admendment for 4 things it did.

Chapter 22 Words

Post by Tuesday 7 p.m.
E.C. you have Andrew Johnson, Freedmen's Bureau, Carpet baggers
M.B. you have 10 percent plan, Fifteenth Amendment
A.B. you have Wade- Davis Bill, scalawags
A.S. you have Tenure of Office Act, Civil Rights Act, Military Reconstruction Act (lol this was an accident i promise you , i assign words randomly and when i was typing i realized i gave myself all of the acts. Haha)
J.C. you have sharecropping, Ku Klux Clan, "radical regimes"
S.D. you have "Seward's Folly", Thaddeus Stevens
D.B. you have Fourteenth Amendment, Force Acts
J.A. you have Ex parte Milligan, Charles Summer, Black Codes

* i felt dumb, it took me like 10 minutes to figure out how to divide 20 words by 8 people :)

Copperheads

Extreme Peace Democrats; obstructed war by attacking the draft, Lincoln, and emancipation; political strength in Ohio, Indiana, and Illonois; a notorious Copperhead was Clement Vallandigham; nominated McClellan for '64 election with Peace Democrats.

Remaining words from cliff notes

when u get on post ur definitions.

 

Andrew Johnson

Andrew was chosen by the Republican party to run with Abraham Lincoln as Vice President in the 1864 election. Johnson was chosen to balance the ticket. Because he was a Southern Democrat, before the South seceded, and Lincoln was a Northern Republican. These too covered almost all issues of the election.

John Wilkes Booth

a southern actor; April 14, 1865; shot Abraham Lincoln to death in Ford's Theater.

Monitor & Merrimack

The Merrimack was a former wooden warship. The Confederates plated it with iron railroad rails. They renamed it the Virginia. The Virginia easily wrecked Union Navy ships and threatened to destroy the whole Navy. The Confederates later destroy the ship to keep it from the Union. This marks the end of wooden ships.

the Merrimack was a small Union ironclad built in about 100 days to stop the Confederate ship. The Merrimack, which was a former U.S. wooden warship destroyed two wooden Union ships in the Chesapeake Bay and threatened the Yankee's plan of blockading all Southern ports. The Union built the Monitor and transported it to the Chesapeake. On March 9, 1862, in 4 hours, the Monitor, or the "Yankee cheesebox on a raft," fought the Merrimack "to a standstill."

Bull Run

I took over D.B. 's words she told me ahead of time. Meade was vague and ambiguous, and for Bull Run I couldn't understand it.  Bull run is on page 453 454, 459 I am sorry

George Meade

Union general that replaced Hooker. Fought against Lee. After 3 day battle, confederates lost. After Gettysburg, Grant was brought in from the West over meade, who was blamed for failing to pursue Lee.

Page 464 465, 473

Clement L. Vallandigham

Notorious among the Copperheads was a sometime congressman from Ohio, Clement L. Vallandigham. This unique character possessed brilliant oratorical gifts and unusual talents for stirring up trouble. A pro-southerner , he demanded an end to the "wicked and cruel" war. The Ohio courts were open, and he should have been tried for sedition. But he was convicted by military tribunal in 1863 for treasonable utterances and was then sentenced to prison. Lincoln decided that if Vallandigham liked the Confederates so much, he ought to be banished to their lines. This was done.Vallandigham , however, was not silenced and left to Canada were he ran for governorship of Ohio, but did not pull sufficient votes. He later returned to his own state where he was not later prosecuted. Vallandigham's actions inspired Edward Hale to write his moving story of Philip Nolan, The Man Without a Country, which helped stimulate devotion to the Union.

Thirteenth Amenment

the Thirteenth Amendment was made to forbid slavery, making slavery and involuntary servitude both illegal. It could only be used as a punishment for crime. This Amendment was ratified in 1865, after the war was over. The South had to ratify it to be readmitted to the Union.

Gettysburg

The decisive turning point in the war came in the first weeks of July when the confederacy suffered two crushing defeats in the West and the East. In the East, Robert E. Lee a  Confederate , took the offensive by leading an army into enemy territory: the Union states of Maryland and Pennsylvania. If he could either capture or destroy the Union army or capture a major Northern city, Lee hoped to force the North to call for peace- or at least to gain foreign intervention for the South. On July 1, 1863, the Southern army suprised Union units at Gettysburg in southern Pennsylvania. This was the most crucial battle of the war and the most bloodiest, with over 50,000 casualties. Lee's assault on Union lines proved futile, and destroyed a good part of the Confederate army. The Confederate's plan of winning the war came to an abrupt end after this battle .

Union Party

Union Party:

The Union Party was formed when the Republican Party joined with the War Democrats. This is because in the election of 1864, they feared that with opposition from the Peace Democrats and the Copperheads Lincoln would not get renominated. So with the Union Party formed. they nominated Lincoln. The Union Party next placed ex-tailor Andrew Johnson as Lincoln's running mate to  "sew up" the election by attracting War Democrats and voters in the Border States. However, both candidates were condemned by Southerners and Copperheads so they nominated McClellan but he couldn't face old comrades-in-arms and repudiated this defeatist declaration. In the end, however, Lincoln won.

Robert E Lee

Leader of the Confederate army for the duration of the Civil War
Battles he led:
1. Seven Days' War - Drove McClellan's Peninsula Campaign back to the sea; changed the Union strategy to total war
2. 2nd Battle of Bull Run - defeated John Pope
3. Antietam - military draw vs. McClellan; Lee went back across the Potomac (see Antietam)
4. Vs. Hooker in Virginia - divided his forces and sent "Stonewall" Jackson to attack Union flank
5. Gettysburg (see Gettysburg)
6. Defensive against Union forces pushing towards Richmond (with Grant leading); was a war of attrition-which army would last the longest
Surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia to Grant with generous terms of surrender (April 1865)

William T. Sherman

William T. Sherman:

The conquest of Georgia was entrusted to General William Tecumseh Sherman. He captured Atlanta in September 1864 and burned the city in November of that year. Sherman then later moved to Savannah where he and his men burned buildings, tore up railroads, bayoneted family portraits and ran off with "souvenirs". One of his major purposes was to destroy supplies destined for the Confederate Army and to weaken the morale of the men at the front by waging war on their homes. He was a practitioner of "total war" and was damned in the South for it. After seizing Savannah, he moved to South Carolina and destruction there was more vicious. The city of Columbia in S.C. burst into flames and by the war's end they had moved to N.C.

Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant was given command of the Union forces attacking Vicksburg. The siege of Vicksburg was Grant's best fought campaign of the war. Back to back victories in Vicksburg and Gettysburg stopped Britain and France's support to the confederates and led confederates to lose all hopes of foreign help. Grant was rewarded with the position of general in chief because he managed to clear Chattanooga from all confederates. Grant with more than 100,000 men struck toward Richmond. In the battles fought by Grant, many men were killed (1 in every 10) so in return he was called "Grant the Butcher". Grant conquerred Richmond and ended the war. When his men cheered he silenced them by saying "The war is over; the rebels are our country men again"

George B. McClellan

McClellan was given command of the Army of the Potomac. called "little Mac". he was a perfectionist, and cautious. captured Yorktown. During the seven Days battle the confederates (lee) drove McClellan back to the sea. Lincoln thus temporarily fired McClellan. Ironically if McClellan would have won and captured Richmond the union would have been restored, and slavery would have survived. Battle of Antietam McClellan rehired and took command of main Northern army. Fouund copy of Lee's battle plans. McClellan won, bloodiest day of war. Lee retreated, and McClellan was again fired and was replaced with A.E. Burnside. In the Election of 1864 McClellan was nominated by the Democrates- regular and Copperheads- in an effort to remove Lincoln from office. But Lincoln won.

Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam took place in Antietam, Maryland on September 17, 1862. It is considered one of the bloodiest and bitterest days of war. Fortune shone on McClellan, the commander of this battle when he found a copy od Lee's battle plans. With that map McClellan succeeded in halting Lee at Antietam. Antietam was more or less a draw militarily. When the Union displayed unexpected power at the Battle of Antietam, Britain and France did not interefere but rather cooled off. Bloody Antietam was also the long waited for victory inorder to launch the Emancipation Proclamation. The battle served as the needed emancipaton springboard.

Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamton declared  "forever free" slaves in those Confederate states still in rebellion. Border states and conquered areas in the south not affected.  Where Lincoln could free the slaves- in the loyal Border states- he refused to do so, and where he could not- in the Confederate states- he tried to do so. Thus emancipation proclamation was stronger on the proclamation that emancipation. Lincoln strenghtened the moral cause of the union.  The Proclamation also removed any chance of negotiated settlement. Made southerners mad. Black men wanted to fight now that there was talk about emancipation.

Chapter 21 Vocab

Post by thursday 7 pm
E.C. you have Ulysses S. Grant, Antietam
A.B. you have Andrew Johnson, John Wilkes Booth
J.A. you have William T Sherman, Union Party
D.B. you have Bull Run, George Meade
A.S. you have Emancipation Proclamation, George B. McClellan
J.C. you have Clement Vallandigham', Gettysburg
S.D. you have Robert E. Lee, Copperheads
M.B. you have Thirteenth Amehdment, Monitor and Merrimack

Fort Summer

Located in Charleston harbor, with less than a hundred men. this fort was the fort that if lincoln didnt send supplies they'd have to surrender but if he did send supplies and what not he would have provoked south carolinians to open fire on fort sumter. so lincoln chose a middle of the road solution! :) so he sent food and other supplies nessesary to living but no amunition. then S.C. opened fire because they believe  this was not a good choice so they had a 34 hour bombard where they killed no one! this happened april 12 1861.

A.S. objectives B,D, F

Unit 6 Chapter 20 Objectives B, D, F


B. The Border States consisted of  Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. They were slave states that bordered free states. Free states wanted them to become free inorder to help tilt the scale of slavery in their favor, while the slave states wanted them to remain slave states in order to keep the scale of slavery strong. Also, both sides wanted control of the Ohio river (which was border of Kentucky. Lincoln said hoped to have God on his side, but he had to have Kentucky) for the purpose of transportation.  In Maryland and Missouri, Lincoln sent in troops.  Lincoln kept denying that his goal was to free slaves, he said that it was to preserve Union.

D. In diplomatic struggle for sympathies of European powers, the North had King Corn and King Wheat; while the South had King Cotton. Britain had a series of bad harvest and was forced to import grain from the U.S. ; but they had a surplus of cotton. The South did not get Foreign intervention from neither the intended France nor Britain. However their were a series of incidents with “ships” as well as blockades.

F. The war crushed the South. It possessed 30% national wealth in 1860 which dropped to 12% in 1870. And per capita dropped from 2/3 that of Northerners, to 2/5. Also Transportation collapsed. Moreover the North was more populous than the south to begin with. The South needed to start drafting people way earlier than the North who relied on volunteers. The fact that men were gone to war opened job opportunities for women. North got high tariffs and a boosted industry. In conclusion the South suffered A LOT more then the North.

Trent Affair

The Trent affair occurred in late 1861.  A Union warship stopped a British mail steamer, the Trent, and removed 2 Confederate diplomats who were heading to Europe.  Britain started to send troops to Canada in retaliation, but the situation was ended when President Lincoln freed the Confederate prisoners.

Britain shipyards were unknowingly producing Confederate commerce-raiders.  The British ships left their ports unarmed, picked up arms elsewhere, and captured Union ships.  One notable ship was the Alabama.

sorry im late A.S. ive been sick all weekend and im barely becoming a bit healthier from it, im sorry :(

William Seward

 

William Seward: After shooting stopped in 1865, Secratary of States Seward, speaking with authority of nearly a million war-tempered bayonets, prepared to march South. This resulted in Napolen realizing that his gamble was doomed. Emperor Napolean III of France sent a French army to occupy Mexico City in 1863 and the following year he enthroned his puppet Austrian archdue Maximilian as emperor of Mexico--both were a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. WIth this, he hoped the Union would collapse and America would be too weak to enforce their "hands-off" policy. But when Seward prepared to march south, Napoleon's hopes failed and was forced to leave with Maximilian in 1867.

Border States

Border States:

These states were the only slave states left and they consisted of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware. It contained a whites population moe than half that of the entire Confederacy. Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri would almost double the manufacturing  capacity of the South and increasing nearly half its supply of hises and mules. T persuade the Border States to remain in the Union, Lincon not only relied on moral suasion but also used methods of dubious legality. In Maryland, Lincoln declared martial law and sent troops. Lincoln also deployed soldiers in Missouri, where they fought the Unionists in a local civil war. Lincoln was also forced to declare that he was not fighting to free the blacs because that would mae the Border States side with the South.

Lincoln's regime also arranged for "supervised" voting in the Border States.

J.C's objective F.

F. The social and economic outcomes for the North and the South after the Civil War were completely different. The North was blessed with prosperity after four long years of costly conflict. New factories began, sheltered by the friendly umbrella pf the protective tariff. The Civil War also bred a millionaire class for the first time. Newly invented laborsaving machinery enabled the North to expand economically. The innovative machinery ended the production of custom tailored clothing and created standard measurements (sizes). Also , these machines produced surpluses of grain that helped dethrone “king cotton”. Socially, women were given new opportunities to work in areas once occupied by men. The South, however, had it much differently. The South fought to the point of exhaustion. The Civil War squeezed the average Southern income to two fifths of the northern level, where it remained for the rest of the century. Transportation also collapsed and the South was driven to economic cannibalism. They pulled up less-used lines to repair the newer ones. Socially, women were sick of war and were even willing to sell their hair for capital. The South had gone down with the “King Cotton”, while the North prospered with flying colors.

J.C's objective D.

D. The South wanting to secure its independence relied not only on their soldiers but on its diplomats. Confederates expected that cotton would prove to be “king” and hoped to induce either France or Britain to help the South Directly in the war effort. The British industrialists not only depended on Southern cotton for textile mills , but were glad to help breakup the American Democratic experiment. For the North it was crucial to prevent the Confederacy from gaining the foreign support it desired and needed.

J.C's objective B.

B. The four border states, Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky were the only slaveholding states that did not secede from the union and join the confederacy. The decision of these four states to not join the Union was in part due to Union sentiment in those regions. In Maryland, pro-secessionists attacked Union troops and threatened the railroad to Washington. The Union decided to use martial law to keep the state under control. In Missouri, U.S. troops prevented pro-south elements in the state from gaining control. In Kentucky, the State Legislature decided to remain neutral in the conflict. Lincoln’s desired to keep the border states were both a political and military goal. The loss of the border states would have resulted in an increase of the Confederate population and a weakened position for conducting the war for the North. Lincoln did not want to alienate the Unionist in the border states and was reluctant to push for early emancipation of slaves.

Whoever posted before me:) A.s.

for 147 i felt like a genius because i got an answer. but its probably wrong. I did a proportion of 10/4 to 10-h/x then i cross multiplied. divided by x and that would be my radius. then i pluged that into the formula for areas of circles so my answer was pie(40-h/10) squared =a.

but do not listen to me.

For 151 my answers do not match the book either. whoevers question this is feel free to call me if you can not understand my crazy logic that is most likely wrong:)

Trig H/W

Could someone please explain to me how to do SP 147? I'm lost. Also, I did 151, but they don't match the answers in the book. :)

S.D. - Objective E

E. Both Jefferson Davis and Abraham Lincoln were able leaders; however, Lincoln’s term as a president went much more smoothly than Davis’.  Davis was not personally popular, often disagreed with the Confederate Congress, and defied rather than led public opinion.  On the other hand, Lincoln thought that it was necessary he have both Congress’ and the people’s support during the war.  He made decisions carefully to ensure continued support.  Davis was up against the states’-righers who crippled his authority while Lincoln had no such opposition.  Lincoln enjoyed a long-established government, financial stability, an economic boom, and a greater number of strengths than the South.  On the other hand, Davis suffered from a newly-formed government, financial and economic instability, and a number of devastating weaknesses.  Lincoln’s flexibility proved to be better than Davis’ experience.  The key reasons why Lincoln succeeded over Davis was his ability to interpret and influence public opinion, and relax at stressful times.

S.D. - Objective C

C. There were both strengths and weaknesses for the North and South during the Civil War.  The South would be fighting defensively, and would therefore know the land better.  Because they were fighting to preserve their way of life, they would also have an advantage in morale.  The South also had the most talented officers as well as soldiers that were already accustomed to riding a horse and shooting a gun.  They were weakened by their lack of factories, although this was partially overcome.  The South also suffered from a lack of supplies, such as shoes, uniforms, blankets, and food, and the breakdown of their transportation system.  Their greatest weakness was their one-crop economy; they depended solely on “King Cotton.”  On the other hand, the North’s economy was one of their largest strengths – they had both farms and factories.  The North also had the majority of the nation’s wealth and railroads and a superior navy.  Their grain could be traded with Europe for ammunition and weapons and Europe’s dependency on their grain helped prevent foreign intervention on the South’s behalf.  Furthermore, the North had a larger population as well as a steady stream of immigrants.  However, the North suffered from incompetent commanders and were forced to use an expensive trial-and-error method.  Additionally, their soldiers were much less prepared than the South’s.  Overall, the North’s strengths outweighed both the South’s strengths and their own weaknesses, as is evident by the outcome of the war.

S.D. - Objective A

A. After the secession of the southern states and the formation of the Confederacy, there were only two forts in the South still under the Union’s control.  One of these was Fort Sumter, which was in desperate need of food and water.  Lincoln could either send supplies to the fort, start the civil war, and loose the critical border states, or do nothing and be seen as a weak leader.  Not liking either of his choices, Lincoln chose the middle path; he would notify the Confederacy that he was sending provisions to the fort, not reinforcing it, and send a small fleet with provisions to the fort.  However the South still saw this as an act of aggression and open fired on the fort when provisions arrived, and the fort surrendered.  This angered the northerners, who were previously indifferent to southern secession.  They felt their honor demanded an armed retaliation; in their minds, what they had done was not an act of aggression.  Therefore, when Lincoln called for volunteers, thousands upon thousands enthusiastically responded.  However, in the South’s point of view, both sending provisions to the fort and calling for volunteers was an act of aggression; they felt that the North had started the war.  When Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen, the South felt they needed to defend themselves, and started making their own preparations for war.

C.S.S Alabama

The South was able to gain enough recognition as a belligerent to purchase warships from British shipyards. Confederate commerce-raiders did serious harm to U.S. merchant ships. One of them , the Alabama, captured over 60 vessels before being sunk off the coast of France by a Union warship. After the war, Great Britain agreed to pay the United States $15.5 million for damages caused by the South's commerce-raiders.

Morrill Tariff Act

Early in 1861, after enough antiprotection southern members had seceded, congress passed the Morrill Tariff Act, suspending the low tariff of 1857. It increased the existing duties some five to ten percent , about the same level as the Walker Tariff of 1846. The rates later increased due to necessities of the war. The increase was designed to raise additional revenue and to provide more protection for the prosperous manufacturers who were being plucked by internal taxes . A protective tariff thus became identified with the Republican party.

Union Naval Blockade

Northern naval superiority allowed establishment of a blockade on the South. It was leaky at first, which allowed some cotton to be sold to Britain. It was later tightened up - choked off Southern supplies, trade, and customs duties (revenue); weakened the South because of their one-crop economy; led to Southern defeat.

Jefferson Davis

President of the confederacy; was never personally popular, often disagreed with his Congress, defied rather than led public opinion; his war efforts often crippled by sates' righters in the South. These states' righters kept Davis from having a lot of authority like Lincoln and were one of the reasons why the South lost.

The National Banking Act

The National Banking Act or the National Banking System is considered a financial landmark of the War. Congress passeed the National Banking Act in 1863. It was launched as a stimulant to the sale of government bonds and also designed to establish a standard bank-note currency. The country was then flooded with depreciated "rag money" issued by unreliable bankers. The national banking system consisted of a bank buying government bonds and issuing paper money backed by the bonds. It was also the first significant step toward a unified banking network since Andrew Jackson's "monster" Bank of the United States in 1836. The National Banking Act (system) continued for fifty years until it was replaced by the Federal Reserve System.

The 5 civilized tribes

Slavery also started slavery in the West (present day Oklahoma). The five civilized tribes were the Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and seminoles. Most of the people in these tribes sided with the Confderacy. Some tribes, especially the cherokees, sided with the confederacy because they themselves owned slaves and therefore felt they had a common cause to fight for. The confederate government agreed to take over federal payments to the tribes to secure they're loyalty and in return the confederate government invited Native Americans to send delegates to the Confederate congress. A rival faction of the Cherokees sided with the Union only to be rewarded after the war with a military campaign to heard them onto reservations.

Clara Barton

Clara Barton was a superintendent of ny\urses for the Union army. Transformed nurses from a lowly service to a respected profession- and in the process opened up another major sphere of employement for women in the postwar era.

Draft Riots

In 1853, after volunteering had slackened, congress passed a federal conscription law for the first time on a nationwide scale in the U.S.  The dratf was especially damned in the Democratic strongholds of the North, notable in New York City. A frightful riot broke out in 1863, Know as the New York City Draft Riots of 1863, touche off largely by underprivelaged and antiblack Irish Americans, who shouted, "Down with Lincoln!" ans "Down with the draft!" For several days the city was at the mercy of a rampaging, pillaging mob. Lives were lost, and the victims included many blacks. Elsewhere in the North, conscription led to resentment and minor riots.

King Cotton

British textiles mills depended on the American South for 75 percent of their cotton supplies. Southerners had counted on economic need to bring the British to their aid, yet King Cotton failed them.
* failed because productive in prewar years of 1857-1860. Leading to a surplus supply in Britain.
Only affected a year and a half later when thosands of hungry workers lost their job.
This was eased when "certain" americans sent over foodstuffs (food).
Confederates had limited quantity through a blockade.
Lead to Indian and Egyptian cotton growers to raise their prices and increasing output.
King Corn and King Wheat more potent potentates than King Cotton.
* If British would have broken blockade to gain cotton, would have provoked North to war and would have lost its precious granuary.

* The point is that Cotton is important and the stuff mentioned above is how they effected the economy and the ante civil war P.g. 443-444

AP Bio

Please check my answers as well as post your answers.
1. B
2.E I GOT D?
3. E
4. A
5. A
6. E
7. C WE DID IT IN CLASS AND GOT B
8. D
9. Isn't it B and D ? I GOT D
10. C I GOT D?
11. ???
12.E
13. B
14. B
15. I would guess E but idk I GOT E
16 B
17. It is a 3:1:1 ratio what was the answer choice for that?
18. D
19. ???
20. C
21. D
22. A
23.Genotype AA,  AB, Ai, Bi  Phenotype A,A, AB, B. Idk check me on this
24 Genotype AB, AB, BB, BB Phenotype AB, AB, B, B
25 Genotype Ai, Ai, Bi,Bi Phenotype A,A,B,B
26 Genotype Bi, Bi, ii, ii Phenotype B,B,O,O
27 Genotype AB, AB, AA, AB Phenotype AB, AB, A, AB
28 50%
29 AA,Ai, AB

The answers for the chart is on page 113 of cliffnotes

Whoever posted before Me

Yes I do believe he does :) A.S.

Also i was thinking like everyone in SSA in like a low-key genius so this website should be a hardcore study group for other subject areas too. Like i posted about bio, and math. So you guys should feel free to do the same :)

A.S.

Vocab ?

On the vocab sheet, he means Fort Sumter not Fort Summer, right?

Chapter 20 Vocab Words

Please Post by Sunday 7:00 P.M.

S.D. you have Jefferson Davis, Union Naval Blockade
J.C. you have Morrill Tariff Act, C.S.S. Alabama
A.S. you have King Cotton, Clara Barton
A.B. you have Fort Summer
E.C. you have National Banking Act, Five Civilized Tribes
J.A. you have Border States, William Seward
D.B. you have Draft Riots
M.B. you have Trent Affair

Shoe Box

Hey you guys I (A.S.) am in charge of the shoe box drive for the homeless, below is a list of all of the stuff that you can donate, but for now we really need shoe boxes with the detatchable lids. So if you have any shoeboxes please bring them into school. You can also go to stores and ask them for shoe boxes and they will give you alot for free. Thank you :) please ask me if you have any questions

Shoe Box Christmas Drive

Shoe Box Christmas Drive

Veronica’s Home of Mercy in San Bernardino. Items donated will go to women, men, and children in need. Bring any of the items listed below to either Mr. Clark, the Peer Leadership room in
G-1  or Andrea Swanson.

Hair Brush
Comb
Shampoo
Bar of Soap
Tooth Paste
Tooth Brush Adult or Kids
Deodorant Male or Female
Shaving Cream
Razor
Lotion
Socks
Hair Conditioner
Q-Tips
Hair Ties/ Rubber Bands
Finger Nail Clippers
Tweezers
Stuffed Animal
Candy
Empty Shoe Boxes with Lids
Feel Free to Add Any Items That Are Not Listed
*   Written Christmas Card
* Please DO NOT WRAP THE ITEMS

Latest Day To Turn in These Items is Friday, December 10

"Bleeding Kansas"

1. Northerners began to pour into Kansas, and Southerners were outraged, since they had supported the Compromise of 1850 under the impression that Kansas would become a slave state.
2. Thus, on election day in 1855, hordes of Southerners  from Missouri flooded the polls and elected Kansas to be a slave state; free-soilers were unable to stomach this and set up their own government in Topeka.
   • Thus, confused Kansans had to chose between two governments: one illegal (free government in Topeka) and the other fraudulent (slavery government in Shawnee).
3. In 1856, a group of pro-slavery raiders shot up and burnt part of Lawrence, thus starting violence.

the northerners were now out to ablolitionize both kansas and nebraska to stop the souths expansion of slavery

hey guys!

John C. Calhoun is nowhere to be found in this chapter... although, he is in the previous chapter ....if u know where he is please let me know.... thank u !

Pottawatomie Creek

May 1856 Osawatomie led his followers to the Pottawatomie Creek and murdered 5 assumed to be proslaveryites, and this caused a revolt from the free-soil cause and made forces of proslavery retaliate.

John Brown

Led followeres to Pottawatomie creek and butchered five men. Thus errupted Kansas Civil War. Wanted to establish black free state as sanctuary.  In virginia at Harpers Ferry, he seized federal arsenal killing seven innocent people. inluding free black. Injuring ten or so more. He with his small group of followers were stopped by U.S. marines under Lee future general of Confederate army. Brown convicted of murder and treason. South declared the North "Brown loving" Republicans. Abolitionists and Free soilers angry by Brown's execution.

Attention S.D.

Could you please tell me what the Spanish homework is?

A.S.

Hinton Helper

a nonaristocratic white from North Carolina. Hated slavery AND blacks.  The Impending Crisis of the south was made by him. He wanted to prove that slavery affected white nonslave holders were the ones who suffered. and he also found a publisher in the North(South wouldnt help) Southern eliete was furious with him.

Panic of 1857

Panic of 1857:

It was worse psychologically than economically as the panic of 1837. It was caused by the California gold, which inflated the currency and the demands of the Crimean War which had overstimulated the growing of grain. This caused 5,000 businesses to fail within a year and also caused unemployment. The panic hit the hardest among the grain growers of the North while the South enjoyed favorable cotton prices. Financial distress in the North (agriculture) led to demands for free farms of 160 acres and this infuriated the East and the South. Later led Congress to pass the homestead act in 1860, which made public land available for 25 cents an acre but was vetoed by President Buchanan. The Panic also led the North to demand a higher tariff. Resulted in 2 economic issues for the election of 1860: protection for the unprotected and free farms for the farmless.

Freeport Doctrine

Freeport Doctrine: Douglas' response to Lincoln in the most famous of the debates at Freeport, Illinois was known as the "Freeport Doctrine." Lincoln's question was "Suppose the people of a territory should vote slavery down? The Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision had decreed that they could not. Who would prevail, the Court of the people?" Douglas responded with "No matter how the Supreme Court ruled, slavery would stay down if the people voted it down and this resulted in the defeat of Lincoln for the Senate seat.

In the election of 1860, southerners regarded Douglas as a traitor for his stand on the Freeport Doctrine

The Crittenden Compromise

James Henry Crittenden of Kentucky came up with the Crittenden Compromise. The proposed ammendments of the Crittenden Compromise was designed to appease the South. Slavery was to be prohibited north of the 36 degrees, 30', but south to that (including cuba and mexico if ever purchased) would be given federal protection to slavery. However, Lincoln flatly rejected it and with that all hope reconciliation evaporated. The Crittenden Compromise failed.

Lincoln-Douglas Debate

In 1848 the focus of the nation was on Stephen Dougls' campaign for reelection as senator from Illinois. Challenging him for the Senate seat was a successful trial lawyer and former member of the Illinois Legislator, Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of joint debates. The most famous debate was at Freeport, Illinois where Lincoln confronted Douglas with the horns of a dilema. Lincoln said that suppose the people voted down slavery, who would prevail?, the court or the people?Lincoln argued that according to the Dred Scott decision the people did not have a say. Douglas responded that if the people voted slavery down it did not matter what the Supreme Court ruled. In the end Douglas won reelection but lost ground with the Southern Democrats.

The Lecompton Constitution

The Lecompton Constitution was a tricky document made up by proslaverytes that did not allow for the people to vote for or against it but as a whole to vote with slavery or without it. Even if they voted against it, the slave owners who already owned slaves would be protected. So, technically, whatever the outcome of the Lecompton Constitution stated, there would still be black bondage in Kansas. Because of this, infuriated free soilers boycotted the polls and therefore; the proslaverytes left by themselves approved the Lecompton Constitution with slavery. Buchanan approved the Lecompton Constitution while senator Stephen A. Douglas thought of it as fraudulent.

DOES ANYBODY KNOW WHAT PAGE CALHOUN IS ON???

????

Harpers Ferry

Raided by John Brown & his followers; they seized the federal arsenal, killing 7 and wounding 10; b/c slaves did not come to their aid, Brown was captured by US Marines and found guilty of murder and treason

John C. Breckenridge

Democrats split between Douglas, Breckenridge, & Bell in the election of 1860; South had walked out of two prior conventions, one in Charleston, VA, the other in Baltimore, MD & created their own "rival convention"; nominated Breckenridge, who advocated extension of slavery into all territories and annexation of Cuba; was not a disunionist, although he was the candidate of the "fire-eaters"; polled fewest number of votes

AP BIO A.S.

I am not sure about my answers so if those of you in AP bio wouldn't mind checking with me, I would appreciate it.  Also feel free to debate my answers, and answer the ones i havent. :)
Please Post your answers and correct me because IDK

1E
2C
3E
4 Either D or E, I GOT D
5B
6D
7B
8C
9 E, IBARRA SAID ANSWER WAS D
10 A
11 B
12A
13B
14 D
15 B
16 A
17C
18 D
19 B
20 A
21 E
22 E
23 I though the answer is 6 roman numeral VI but that is not an answer choice? unless the answer is C?
24 C maybe A, i got C
25 The answer choice isnt there!!!!
26 B
27 C
28
29E
30C
31 E
32 The answer should Be Propase I and Metaphase I, it even says it in the book, but the answer choice isnt there
33 C
34 E
35 D
36 B
37 B
38 B
39 E. I though he told us this during class. Idk i remember hearing this number in class, unless it was for a different class . XD NO UR RIGHT!
40 D It occurs in Prophase 1 so that is in meiosis and mitosis right? YESS!
41 B
42 E
43 A or C, I GOT A
44  The picture for A and D are the same thing only one is enlarged, one of them is the right answer though. I think it is D, I GOT D
45 B
46
47
48 C
49 E
50 B or E. Sorry i know this question is simple but i forgot the fancy scientific name, I GOT B
51 E
52 B
53 What Drawing???????!!!!!!!!!?????????
54C
55 A
56B
57 C
58 E
59 B
60

`Know-Nothing Party

The German and Irish immigrants alarmed "nativists" as many old sock protestants were claled. They organized the American paty, also known as the Know-Nothing Party, due to the secretiveness of it. In 1856 nominated ex-president Millard Fillmore. Antiforeign and anti-Catholic, these superpatriots adopted the slogan, "Americans Must Rule America." They also threatened to cut into Republican strength. More harmful to Fremont was the allegation, which alienated many bigoted Know-Nothings and other "nativists," that he was a Roman Catholic.

Roger Taney

Dred scott case was taken to the federal courts, but was denied so a majority of the (protestors) decided to go further, under the emanciated Chief Justice, Roger Taney, from the slave state Maryland. He rocked te free-soilers back on their heels. He tried to help and get the case to supreme court and finalized.

Charles Sumner

Senator from Massachusetts. Abolitionist. Gave speech, " The Crime Against Kansas" condemned proslavery men. Insulted South Carolina and one of the best-liked members of senate, Andrew Butler. Sumner was attacked by Brooks. Sumner's head and nervous system injuries were serious and was forced to leave his seat for three and a half years.

Page 414-415

Dred Scott

Supreme Court's Dred Scott decision invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Dred Scott a black slave, had lived with his master for 5 years in Illinois and Wisconsin Territory. Backed by interested abolitionists he sued for freedom on the basis of his long term residence on free soil. Majority of Court decrred that because a slave was private property, he or she could by taken into ANY territory and legally held there in slavery. Republicans were angry about ruling.

Pages 409, 417-419,422

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Uncle Tom's Cabin is a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. She was dismayed by the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, she was determined to awaken the North to the wickedness of slaveryby telling of its inhumanities such as the splitting of families. Her popular book relied on imagery and pathos. No other novel in American history can be compared with it as a political force. When she met Lincoln, he remarked, " so you are the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war." in regaurdes to the civil war. Book disliked in South, but loved by North. Also popular in Britain and France. 1852.
Pages 409-412

Chapter 19 Words

Please Post by 7:00 p.m. MONDAY
M.B. you have John Brown, "Bleeding Kansas"
D.B. you have Roger Taney, Know-Nothing Party
A.S. you have Charles Sumner, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Dred Scott
J.C. you have Lincoln Douglas Debates, John C. Calhoun
J.A. you have Panic of 1857, Freeport Doctrine
S.D. you have John C. Breckenridge, Harpers Ferry
A.B. you have Hinton Helper, Pottawatomie Creek
E.C. you have Crittenden Compromise, Lecompton Constitution